Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and the placenta: defender or offender

The maternal hormonal and metabolic milieu adapt in normal pregnancy to provide the developing fetus with an optimal nutrient supply that is delivered via placenta. This supply, however, disturbed all types of diabetes obesity, resulting greater mixed fetus. Our research suggests placenta limited preventing excess glucose transfer In fact, once becomes hyperinsulinaemic early phases macrosomia, it can accelerate across through a steal phenomenon. placental trophoblast layer does seem be able buffer from fatty acid supply. morphological changes appear determined by severity hyperglycaemia level insulin. Hyperinsulinaemia both mother (early pregnancy) (later obese/diabetic mothers increase growth secondarily fetal growth. Severe pregnancy, disrupt placentation increasing risk for small placenta, gestational hypertensive disorders, intrauterine restriction. therefore shows defender offender roles response common disorders obesity diabetes.